Dr Bruce H. Choppin studied mathematics at Cambridge University in England before attending the University of Chicago, where he earned his Ph.D. in the area of measurement, evaluation, and statistical analysis. He was closely connected with IEA from 1963 until his death in 1983. His first work with IEA involved data analysis for England's national report of the First International Mathematics Study. He later undertook a small-scale exploratory study with Dr Alan Purves designed to measure student understanding and appreciation of literary prose and poetry.